LUCHA DE CLASES EN UN LIKE

Juan Carlos Monedero | Nada en las nuevas tecnologías digitales escapa de la condición relacional de la vida social. Nada que necesite lenguaje puede pensarse desde el individualismo, porque con la desaparición de los otros desaparece la propia posibilidad de existencia. 

El avance tecnológico que fascinó a Marx y Engels en 1848, sigue sin dejar vernos la alta probabilidad de ser, al tiempo, consumidores tecnológicos del siglo XXI –reales o aspiracionales–, y ciudadanos golpeados, precarios, marginales, vigilados del siglo XIX.

La COVID-19, como acelerador de tendencias ya existentes, ha dejado claro en el conjunto del planeta el resumen de lo que está pasando: desarrollamos en tiempo récord una vacuna contra un mal, paradójicamente creado por la aceleración tecnológica –como todas las enfermedades respiratorias de las últimas décadas, ligadas a la devastación medioambiental–; imposibilitamos a los países y personas más pobres acceder a la vacuna; se comercializa privadamente pese a su desarrollo con fondos públicos; la opacidad alimenta todo el proceso.

Sobrevivir al desarrollo tecnológico otorga la capacidad de vivir con cualidades reservadas a los reyes en siglos pasados, pero la probabilidad de ser víctima es muy alta. Nadie cuestiona la capacidad del capitalismo de desarrollar las fuerzas productivas. Se cuestiona el precio que se paga por ese modelo de desarrollo: en vidas humanas irremplazables, en el deterioro medioambiental de un planeta que no tiene alternativa, en el vaciamiento del “mundo de la vida” a favor de una carrera consumista incapaz de construir una referencia de “vida que merezca la pena ser vivida”.

Es verdad que el desarrollo tecnológico crea la ilusión del “hombre orquesta”. Con apoyo tecnológico, parece que los demás son menos necesarios. Con sintetizadores y varios teclados puedes recrear muchos instrumentos. Cambias, en cualquier caso, la alegría de tocar juntos por la supuesta satisfacción de hacerlo todo tú solo.

El Big Data es una lógica que no puede pensarse como mera suma de monólogos, pues se reproducen las mismas lógicas que en otros ámbitos sociales. Todo se alimenta de lo que hacen, encuentran, sienten los navegadores de la red. “Los algoritmos no son mágicos, simplemente comparten con nosotros lo que otras personas ya han descubierto» (Durand)

Con la ensoñación tecnológica se cae en esa mentira que expresó George Bush de “veranear en Marte”. Tan lejos que no te deja ver que ya no puedes veranear en el río hoy sucio donde lo hicieron tus padres. Además, presenta los problemas políticos como problemas técnicos. Se trata de la gran mentira que acompaña a los desarrollos tecnológicos cuya aceleración –marcada económicamente– excede la reflexión moral de las comunidades sociales y políticas desbordada por capacidades tecnológicas que no permiten entender el mundo. Lo tecnológico es político. Los algoritmos, no son sino una forma de interpretar y crear regularidades estadísticas para conducir o reconducir la potencia colectiva. 

Los datos son de la gente. Su uso les ha sido hurtado. Tienes derecho a saber lo que pasa del umbral de la puerta de tu casa para adentro, pero no del pasillo, de los demás pisos, del portal, y menos aún de la calle, del barrio, de la ciudad o del mundo. 

Con los mismos datos puedes prevenir embarazos de adolescentes en un barrio humilde o estigmatizar a los jóvenes que escuchan música sentados en una escalera, identificar necesidades laborales o incrementar el ritmo de la explotación, ayudar a la conciliación familiar o vigilar la jornada laboral con látigos tecnológicos, compartir conocimiento o apoyar una carrera competitiva entre universidades que solo sirven para reproducir distinción o copar la obtención de fondos.

El big data –y el arma secreta del algoritmo– es la oportunidad de usar la potencialidad del conjunto de la población y también de devolverle la posibilidad de tomarla en sus manos. Mientras, alguien, al margen de ningún control popular, puede construir tus preferencias. Alguien, sin que lo notes, te está diciendo qué debes comprar, pensar, sentir, votar, amar y odiar.

Hasta la fecha, el manejo de esa enorme información –y la capacidad de perfilar cada mensaje– solo sirve para que Facebook, Google, Amazon, Microsoft o Apple vendan miles de datos de cada cliente –junto al espacio de almacenamiento– para que un funcionario, un partido, una empresa, un medio de comunicación pueda manipular, gestionar los deseos y los miedos, argumentar con éxito para que se acepten sus decisiones, seleccionar la música, las series, los vídeos de youtube y las respuestas de Google, teledirigir el odio y la angustia bombardeando con informaciones que no buscan que informar sino que lograr reacciones en la dirección deseada.

Sin control público, los datos son una bomba de neutrones. El Estado y la sociedad civil deben sacar los datos de la mera lógica del beneficio, regulando e impulsando el uso de la tecnología (sin soberanía tecnológica no hay soberanía nacional). La gestión tecnológica puede reconducir la democracia perdida o puede enterrar definitivamente la democracia multiplicando la opacidad, la colusión de tecnología y dictadura financiera, la marginalidad, al tiempo que normalizará un militarismo digital que convierte la vigilancia en una policía de la conciencia. Las clases ya no se ven nítidamente, pero la lucha de clases, como los algoritmos, está en cada like.

 

Juan Carlos Monedero, director del Instituto 25M para la Democracia.

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